Macro Photogrammetry & Surface Features Extraction for Paleolithic Portable Art Documentation

[EN] In this article, we propose a methodology for the archaeological documentation of limestone plaquettes decorated with faint paintings and fine engravings. The plaquette number 16330 is presented, belonging to the portable art collection in Cova del Parpalló (Gandía, Spain), one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the UNESCO¿s Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula. Macro photogrammetry is used to generate a 3D model and basic treatments on raster images. The resulting 3D model has a spatial resolution of tens of microns and was used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) and orthorectified macro photographs for documenting the engravings and paintings. All stages of the workflow are detailed in-depth, specifying the data collection parameters and the configuration used in the subsequent processing with HyperCube and DStretch software. The resulting documentation is accurate, reproducible, and objective and allows the reinterpretation of the available graphic documentation started in the 1990s.This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/060) and Ministerio de la Ciencia e Innovación (HAR2017-85153-P).Cabrelles, M.; Lerma, JL.; Villaverde, V. (2020). Macro Photogrammetry & Surface Features Extraction for Paleolithic Portable Art Documentation. Applied Sciences. 10:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196908S11610Porter, S. T., Huber, N., Hoyer, C., & Floss, H. (2016). Portable and low-cost solutions to the imaging of Paleolithic art objects: A comparison of photogrammetry and reflectance transformation imaging. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 10, 859-863. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.07.013Cassen, S., Lescop, L., Grimaud, V., & Robin, G. (2014). Complementarity of acquisition techniques for the documentation of Neolithic engravings: lasergrammetric and photographic recording in Gavrinis passage tomb (Brittany, France). Journal of Archaeological Science, 45, 126-140. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.02.019López-Menchero Bendicho, V. M., Marchante Ortega, Á., Vincent, M., Cárdenas Martín-Buitrago, Á. J., & Onrubia Pintado, J. (2017). Uso combinado de la fotografía digital nocturna y de la fotogrametría en los procesos de documentación de petroglifos: el caso de Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real, España). Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(17), 64. doi:10.4995/var.2017.6820Jalandoni, A., & Kottermair, M. (2018). Rock art as microtopography. Geoarchaeology, 33(5), 579-593. doi:10.1002/gea.21677Defrasne, C. (2014). Digital image enhancement for recording rupestrian engravings: applications to an alpine rockshelter. Journal of Archaeological Science, 50, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.06.010Le Quellec, J.-L., Duquesnoy, F., & Defrasne, C. (2015). Digital image enhancement with DStretch ® : Is complexity always necessary for efficiency? Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2(2-3), 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2015.01.003Evans, L., & Mourad, A.-L. (2018). DStretch® and Egyptian tomb paintings: A case study from Beni Hassan. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 18, 78-84. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.01.011Rodríguez González, E., Pastor, S. C., & Casals, J. R. (2019). Lost colours: Photogrammetry, image analysis using the DStretch plugin, and 3-D modelling of post-firing painted pottery from the south west Iberian Peninsula. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 13, e00093. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00093Domingo, I., García-Argüelles, P., Nadal, J., Fullola, J. M., Lerma, J. L., & Cabrelles, M. (2019). Humanizing European Paleolithic art: A new visual evidence of human/bird interactions at L’Hort de la Boquera site (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain). L’Anthropologie, 123(1), 1-18. doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2019.01.001Menna, F., Nocerino, E., Morabito, D., Farella, E. M., Perini, M., & Remondino, F. (2017). AN OPEN SOURCE LOW-COST AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR IMAGE-BASED 3D DIGITIZATION. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W8, 155-162. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-155-2017Porter, S. T., Roussel, M., & Soressi, M. (2016). A Simple Photogrammetry Rig for the Reliable Creation of 3D Artifact Models in the Field. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 4(1), 71-86. doi:10.7183/2326-3768.4.1.71Angheluță, L. M., & Rădvan, R. (2019). MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF ARTWORK PAINTED SURFACES. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W15, 101-107. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-101-2019Menna, F., Nocerino, E., Remondino, F., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., & Scopigno, R. (2016). 3D DIGITIZATION OF AN HERITAGE MASTERPIECE - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON QUALITY ASSESSMENT. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B5, 675-683. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-675-2016Lerma, J. L., Navarro, S., Cabrelles, M., & Seguí, A. E. (2010). Camera Calibration with Baseline Distance Constraints. The Photogrammetric Record, 25(130), 140-158. doi:10.1111/j.1477-9730.2010.00579.xDíaz-Guardamino, M., García Sanjuán, L., Wheatley, D., & Rodríguez Zamora, V. (2015). RTI and the study of engraved rock art: A re-examination of the Iberian south-western stelae of Setefilla and Almadén de la Plata 2 (Seville, Spain). Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2(2-3), 41-54. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2015.07.002Quesada, E., & Harman, J. (2019). A step further in rock art digital enhancements. DStretch on Gigapixel imaging. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 13, e00098. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2019.e0009

3D documentation of the cova del scavalls and its surroundings (Tírig, Castellón)

[EN] Archaeological cultural heritage is a precious resource that should be transmitted to future generations. The 3D digital representation of monuments and sites has proven to be a reliable method for this aim. This article shows the geomatics workflow undertaken for the complex rock art documentation of the Cova dels Cavalls (Tírig, Castellón). The paintings are part of the Rock art of the Mediterranean Basin of the Iberian Peninsula declared a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site in 1998. The various stages are reviewed, from the acquisition phase up to the delivery of part of the derived metric products, such as 3D models and photorealistic models.[ES] El patrimonio cultural arqueológico es un bien preciado que debe transmitirse a las generaciones futuras. La representación digital 3D de monumentos y sitios ha demostrado ser un método fiable para ello. El artículo que se presenta muestra el flujo de trabajo geomático desarrollado en las labores de documentación del conjunto de arte rupestre de la Cova dels Cavalls (Tírig, Castellón). Las pinturas forman parte del Arte rupestre del Arco Mediterráneo de la Península Ibérica declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1998. Se revisan las distintas etapas, desde la fase de captura hasta la entrega de parte de los productos métricos derivados, como son los modelos 3D y los modelos fotorrealísticos.Los resultados presentados se enmarcan dentro del proyecto de investigación HAR2014–59873–R del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Los autores agradecen a Diego Mosquera de FARO Spain su contribución al facilitar el escáner.Cabrelles, M.; Lerma, JL. (2017). Documentación 3D de la cova dels cavalls y de su entorno (Tírig, Castellón). En Primer Congreso en Ingeniería Geomática. Libro de actas. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 54-59. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6627OCS545

Documentación 3D de abrigos rupestres a partir de láser escáner y de procesos fotogramétricos automatizados

[EN] Metric and graphic documentation of archaeological cultural heritage requires effective solutions for archiving, visualization, analysis, management, and monitoring of different monuments and sites. This paper presents the geomatic workflow undertaken on a singular rock art site, Coves de la Saltadora. The cave is part of the Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in1998. The different steps are reviewed, starting from the data acquisition until the final delivery of part of the metric outputs such as 3D models, photorealistic models, orthophoto mosaics in two levels, general and detail.[ES] La documentación métrico-gráfica del patrimonio cultural arqueológico requiere de soluciones efectivas que permitan archivar, visualizar, gestionar, analizar y monitorizar los distintos yacimientos y sitios existentes. El artículo que se presenta muestra el flujo de trabajo geomático desarrollado en las labores de documentación de un conjunto de arte rupestre de dimensiones singulares, Coves de la Saltadora. Dicha cueva forma parte del Arte rupestre del arco mediterráneo de la Península Ibérica inscrito en la lista de Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO en 1998. Se revisan las distintas etapas, desde la fase de captura hasta la entrega de parte de los productos métricos derivados, como son los modelos 3D, los modelos fotorrealísticos y los ortofotomosaicos a nivel general y de detalle.Los resultados presentados se enmarcan dentro de dos proyectos de investigación, PROMETEO/2008/165 de la Generalitat Valenciana y HAR2010-18620 del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Los autores agradecen la inestimable ayuda del Prof. Dr. Valentín Villaverde y de Trinidad Martínez de la Universitat de València, y la colaboración de Alfonso Enrique de Leica Geosystems.Cabrelles López, M.; Lerma García, JL. (2013). Documentación 3D de abrigos rupestres a partir de láser escáner y de procesos fotogramétricos automatizados. Virtual Archaeology Review. 4(8):64-68. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2013.4320S646848CABRELLES, M., SEGUÍ, A. E., NAVARRO, S., GALCERÁ, S., PORTALÉS, C., LERMA, J. L. (2010): "3D Photorealistic modelling of stone monuments by dense image matching". Commission V Symposium, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXVIII, Part 5, pp. 121-124.DOMINGO, I., LÓPEZ-MONTALVO, E., VILLAVERDE, V., MARTÍNEZ, R. (2007): Los Abrigos VII, VIII y IX de Coves de la Saltadora (Coves de Vinromà, Castellón). Monografías del Instituto del Arte Rupestre, 2, Generalitat Valenciana, València.LERMA, J. L., VAN GENECHTEN, B., HEINE, E., SANTANA, M. (2008): 3D RiskMapping. Theory and practice on terrestrial laser scanning. Training material based on practical applications. Universitat Politècnica de València: Valencia.LERMA, J. L., NAVARRO, S., CABRELLES, M., VILLAVERDE, V. (2010): "Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation: the upper Palaeolithic cave of Parpallò as a case of study". Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(3): pp. 499-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.011LERMA, J. L., NAVARRO, S., CABRELLES, M., SEGUÍ, A. E., HADDAD, N., AKASHEH, T. (2011): "Integration of laser scanning and imagery for photorealistic 3D architectural documentation". En: Laser Scanning, Theory and Applications (Chau-Chang Wang, Ed.). Intech, pp. 414-430.REMONDINO, F., GIRARDI, S., RIZZI, A., GONZO, L. (2009): "3D modeling of complex and detailed cultural heritage using multiresolution data". ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 2(1): pp. 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1551676.155167

Smartphone-based close-range photogrammetric assessment of spherical objects

[FR] Les smartphones ont élargi les possibilités d'acquisition d'images rapprochées à moindre coût pour la modélisation 3D. Ils permettent l'acquisition d'une grande quantité de données pour une grande variété d'applications. Toutefois, la précision des modèles et les possibilités d'automatisation dépendent des conditions d'acquisition des images et des exigences des applications. Dans cette étude, la précision et la fiabilité des modèles photogrammétriques 3D obtenus sont évalués sur une cible sphérique dédiée aux applications rapprochées (diamètre d'environ 30 cm). Différents nombres d'images, configurations de canevas, cibles, matériels et méthodes d¿étalonnage de la caméra sont testés et évalués. Les résultats montrent que pour cette application en mode rapproché, une précision de 0,2 mm et une grande fiabilité peuvent être obtenues. Le nombre d'images n'affecte pas la précision de manière significative mais il est vital pour la détection des points de liaison et pour l'orientation des images. L'utilisation de cibles artificielles s'est avéré crucial pour l'amélioration de la précision finale. Au contraire, la stratégie d¿étalonnage des images et les caractéristiques du capteur n'ont eu que peu d'effet sur les résultats.[ES] Los teléfonos inteligentes han ampliado las posibilidades en la toma de imágenes para modelado tridimensional (3D) de objeto cercano con bajo coste. Estos dispositivos permiten la obtención de gran cantidad de imágenes que pueden usarse en diferentes aplicaciones. La precisión de los modelos y la posibilidad de automatización dependen de las condiciones durante la toma de datos y las necesidades de la aplicación. En este estudio la precisión y la fiabilidad de los modelos fotogramétricos 3D se evalúan para una aplicación de objeto cercano (30 cm) sobre una superficie esférica. Se ha evaluado diferente número de conjuntos de imágenes, la geometría de la red, el dispositivo, la existencia de dianas y la metodología de calibración. Los resultados muestran que en esta aplicación de objeto cercano pueden obtenerse altas precisiones (0·2 mm) y una alta fiabilidad. El número de imágenes no afecta en gran medida a la precisión de los resultados, pero sí a la posibilidad de obtener suficientes puntos homólogos para la creación del modelo. El uso de dianas es el factor que más ha aumentado la precisión. Por otro lado, la metodología de calibración de la cámara apenas ha mejorado la precisión de los resultados.[EN] Smartphones have widened the possibilities for low-cost close-range image acquisition for three-dimensional (3D) modelling. They allow the rapid acquisition of large amounts of data for a wide range of applications. However, the accuracy of the models and the automation possibilities depend on the image acquisition conditions and application requirements. In this study, the accuracy and reliability of the derived photogrammetric 3D models are evaluated on a spherical set¿up for close¿range applications (c.30 cm). Different numbers of images, network configurations, targets, devices and camera calibration methodologies are tested and evaluated. Results show that for this close-range application high accuracy (0·2 mm) and reliability can be achieved. The number of images did not significantly affect the accuracy but was vital for tie-point detection and image orientation. The use of artificial targets was found to be the key factor in increasing the final accuracy. In contrast, the image calibration strategy and the characteristics of the imaging device did not have a great impact on the results.[DE] Smartphones haben die Möglichkeiten für kostengünstige Erfassung von 3D-Modellen im Nahbereich erweitert. Große Datenmengen können in sehr kurzer Zeit für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen erfasst werden. Allerdings hängen die Genauigkeit der Modelle und die Möglichkeiten einer Automatisierung sehr stark von den Aufnahmebedingungen und den Anforderungen der Anwendung ab. In diesem Beitrag werden Genauigkeits- und Zuverlässigkeitsaspekte der abgeleiteten 3D-Modelle in einer sphärischen Messanordnung für Nahbereichsanwendungen (c.30 cm) evaluiert. Unterschiedliche Bildanzahl, Aufnahmeanordnungen, Zielmarken, Geräte und Kamerakalibrierungsmethoden werden geprüft und ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für diese Anwendung eine sehr hohe Genauigkeit (0·2 mm) und Zuverlässigkeit erzielt werden kann. Die Zahl der Aufnahmen hat keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit, war aber Voraussetzung für die Detektion von Verknüpfungspunkten und die Bildorientierung. Der Einfluss künstlicher Zielmarken hatte einen entscheidenden Einfluss, um die Genauigkeit des Ergebnisses zu erhöhen. Hingegen hatten die Strategie zur Bildkalibrierung und die Eigenschaften des Bildaufnahmesystems keinen großen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse.This study was partially supported by grant number ACIF/2017/056 from the Conselleria d'Educacio of the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund. The authors also acknowledge the support from the 2017 Subprogram B No. B03 (HEAD3D++) to the development of coordinated actions between the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Hospital Universitari i Politecnic/Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe.Barbero-García, I.; Cabrelles, M.; Lerma, JL.; Marqués-Mateu, Á. (2018). Smartphone-based close-range photogrammetric assessment of spherical objects. The Photogrammetric Record. 33(162):283-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12243S2832993316

Long and Lose-Range Terrestrial Photogrammetry for Rocky Landscape Deformation Monitoring

[EN] The paper describes the processing and validation of a series of terrestrial photogrammetric surveys carried out from 2017 to 2020 for monitoring the stability of a cliff in Cortes de Pallás (Spain). The complexity of the target area, which has a strong orography, a water reservoir, and many obstacles such as electrical power lines or vegetation, makes difficult the use of any measurement technique. After considering solutions such as long-range laser scanning or close-range mobile mapping, which were unsatisfactorily tested and therefore rejected for future campaigns, the use of combined short and long terrestrial photogrammetry proved an efficient method for quick and massive monitoring of the entire cliff with an overall accuracy of several centimetres. All the steps undertaken for the centimetre level accuracy deliverables, which include camera calibration, bundle-adjustment, dense point cloud generation, 3D modelling, and validation of the 3D models by using external geodetic information, will be presented. For the sake of conciseness, only results for the last two campaigns (5th and 6th), as well as the comparison between the last (6th) and the first (1st) campaigns, will be discussed. In addition, photogrammetric results will be validated by analyzing the metrics on four target-based micro-geodetic check points, located on key critical areas of the cliff selected by civil and geotechnical engineers from the Department of Roads and Infrastructures.Cabrelles, M.; Lerma, J.; García-Asenjo, L.; Garrigues, P.; Martínez, L. (2023). Long and Lose-Range Terrestrial Photogrammetry for Rocky Landscape Deformation Monitoring. En 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring (JISDM 2022). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 485-491. https://doi.org/10.4995/JISDM2022.2022.1393348549

Dalla fotografia digitale alla fotogrammetria per i Beni Culturali Documentazione e Divulgazione

Licencia Creative Commons: Reconocimiento – NoComercial (by-nc)[EN] Digital photography is considered a valuable tool for cultural heritage documentation. Surveying and photogrammetry are required to achieve metric and accurate results in drawings, 2D/3D modelling and texturing. This paper presents the photogrammetric workflow from data acquisition to photorealistic 3D modelling and four heritage documentation case studies in different sites. High resolution and high accuracy photorealistic 3D models allow experts to recreate and interact virtually with cultural heritage either before, during of after intervention. Managers and information experts of cultural heritage monuments and sites should consider photogrammetric by-products not only to enrich knowledge, improve understanding and provide scientific records but to ease dissemination of heritage resources.[IT] La fotografia digitale è considerata un valido strumento per la documentazione del patrimonio culturale. Topografia e fotogrammetria sono necessari per ottenere risultati metrici precisi nei disegni, modellazione 2D/3D e texturing. Questo articolo descrive il processo di lavoro adottato dall'acquisizione dati alla modellazione 3D fotorealistica. Inoltre, sono documentati alcuni casi studio relativi a diversi siti. I Manager e gli esperti di comunicazione sul patrimonio culturale, dovrebbero considerare la fotogrammetria uno strumento non solo per arricchire la conoscenza, per migliorare la comprensione e fornire registrazioni scientifiche, ma anche per facilitare la diffusione delle risorse del patrimonio.The authors woild lide to thank the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the project HAR2010-18620Lerma García, JL.; Cabrelles López, M.; Navarro Tarin, S.; Fabado Salvador, S. (2013). From Digital Photography to Photogrammetry for Cultural Heritage Documentation and Dissemination. DisegnareCon. 6(12):1-8. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1828-5961/3850S1861

Integration of Laser Scanning and Imagery for Photorealistic 3D Architectural Documentation

Documentation of architectural and archaeological sites and monuments is an activity that requires the capture of information from different sources. Metric information is mandatory as the basis for documentation, information management, archiving, analysis, monitoring and dissemination activities, among others. In highly weathered environments, accurate 3

Los sistemas de información geográfica: concepto, ventajas y posibilidades en el campo de la restauración

[EN] Architectonic restoration and conservation works require documentation and management tasks that can be stored in an orderly manner in an information system that permits efficient and independent management both of the nature of the data and its formats (images, plans, texts, etc.). This article reviews the technology of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an optimal management tool as it can successfully integrate graphic and alphanumeric data. These tools have mainly been used in the ­fields of geography, geology, archaeology and topography. Nevertheless, the inexorable development and diffusion and management capacity that these systems possess have opened the doors to new areas, especially in the realm of architecture.[ES] Los trabajos de restauración y conservación arquitectónica requieren labores de documentación y gestión que se pueden almacenar de forma ordenada en un sistema informático que permite una gestión eficiente e independiente tanto de la naturaleza de los datos como de sus formatos (imágenes, planos, textos, etc.). Este artículo revisa la tecnología de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) como instrumento óptimo de gestión al poder integrar eficazmente datos gráficos y alfanuméricos. Estas herramientas se han utilizado principalmente en los campos de la geografía, la geología, la arqueología y la topografía. Sin embargo, el desarrollo imparable y la capacidad de difusión y de gestión que brindan estos sistemas, han abierto las puertas a nuevas áreas de entre las que destaca el ámbito de la arquitectura.Los autores agradecen el apoyo y la -nanciación del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología al Proyecto HAR2010-18620.Seguí, AE.; Portalés, C.; Cabrelles, M.; Lerma, JL. (2012). Los sistemas de información geográfica: concepto, ventajas y posibilidades en el campo de la restauración. Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración. (24-25):122-131. https://doi.org/10.4995/loggia.2012.3008SWORD12213124-2

Humanisation dans l art paléolithique européen : nouvelles preuves visuelles des interactions hommes/oiseaux à L Hort de la Boquera (Margalef, Tarragone, Espagne)

[EN] This paper reports the discovery of a new example of portable art in North-eastern Iberia dating to the Late Upper Palaeolithic (12.250 60 BP). The piece is analysed in relation to the European Palaeolithic art assemblage to determine its significance and how it contributes to our understandings of Palaeolithic artistic practices. Both the motifs depicted (birds and humans) and the patterns of composition (a narrative scene) are unusual in Palaeolithic assemblages. In addition, this new find contributes to filling a geographic gap in the artistic record as evidence of Palaeolithic art is rare in Catalonia. The anatomical features of one of the birds suggest that it is a crane, a species that has been depicted in a limited number of sites, as summarized in this paper. Moreover, there are only three known example of birds and humans interacting in a narrative scene in Palaeolithic art. Exhibiting innovations in media, subject matter and compositional norms, this new find has the potential to change the classic definition of European Upper Palaeolithic art and integrate the region in the artistic trends circulating along Mediterranean Iberia during the Upper Magdalenian. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.[Otros] Cette étude présente la découverte d¿un nouvel exemple d'art mobilier dans le nord-est de la Péninsule Ibérique qui remonte au Paléolithique supérieur final (12,250 ± 60 BP). La pièce est examinée dans le contexte de l¿art paléolithique européen pour déterminer son importance et sa contribution à notre compréhension des pratiques artistiques paléolithiques. Les motifs représentés (oiseaux et humains) et les schémas de composition (une scène narrative) sont, dans les deux cas, rares dans les ensembles paléolithiques. En outre, cette nouvelle découverte contribue à combler un vide géographique dans le registre artistique car les évidences matérielles de l'art paléolithique sont rares en Catalogne. Les caractéristiques anatomiques d¿un des oiseaux suggèrent qu'il s¿agit d¿une grue, une espèce qui a été représentée dans un nombre limité de sites, comme cet article le synthétise. En outre, il n¿y a que trois exemples connus d¿oiseaux et d¿humains en interaction dans une scène narrative dans l¿art paléolithique. Exposant des innovations dans le support graphique, les thématiques et les normes de composition, cette nouvelle découverte a le potentiel de changer la définition classique de l¿art paléolithique européen et d¿intégrer la région dans les tendances artistiques circulant en Ibérie méditerranéenne pendant le Magdalénien Supérieur. @2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.The authors would like to thank several researchers for their contribution at different stages of this paper preparation. To E. Brieva for her significant contribution in the field. We also thank our colleagues V. Villaverde for his suggestions regarding the potential interpretation of the motifs, and G. Bosinski, J. Zilhão, F. D Errico and M. García-Diez for providing references and/or publications of interest to this work. Finally, we thank C. Smith for her suggestions regarding content and English translation, and M. Teixidó for her comments on the French abstract. The authors acknowledge the support of several funding programs and projects: Fieldwork funds granted to P. García-Argüelles and J. Nadal by Generalitat de Catalunya (CL T009/18/00001). Projects HAR2017-86509-P granted to J.M. Fullola and P. García-Argüelles and HAR-2016-80693-P granted to I. Domingo by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness; and the Quality Research Group 2017SGR-11, granted to J.M. Fullola by Generalitat de Catalunya.Domingo Sanz, I.; García-Argüelles, P.; Nadal, J.; Fullola, JM.; Lerma, JL.; Cabrelles López, M. (2019). Humanizing European Paleolithic art: A new visual evidence of human/bird interactions at L Hort de la Boquera site (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain). L'Anthropologie. 123(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2019.01.001S118123

Multispectral Sensors in Combination with Recording Tools for Cultural Heritage Documentation

[EN] Documentation of cultural monuments and sites often includes a thorough analysis of their condition through time. This paper addresses the benefits of using multispectral imagery such as visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared imagery in combination with terrestrial laser scanning to assess the state of preservation of a sandstone tomb, the Djin Block No. 9 in Petra Archaeological Park in Jordan. The combination of the different multispectral bands (visible, reflected near-infrared, and thermal infrared) and enhanced combinations of them yielded comprehensive data to analyze with maximum reliability the state of preservation of the monument with state-ofthe- art photographic and 3D surveying techniquesThe authors would like to express their thanks for the support provided by the Agencia Espan˜ola de Cooperacio´n Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) to the project A/025999/ 09 and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the project HAR2010–18620. Additional support to the Jordanian team from Societa` Italiana per Condotte d’Acqua S.p.A. is very much appreciated.Lerma García, JL.; Akasheh, T.; Haddad, N.; Cabrelles López, M. (2011). Multispectral Sensors in Combination with Recording Tools for Cultural Heritage Documentation. Change Over Time. 1(2):236-250. https://doi.org/10.1353/cot.2011.0015S2362501